Canada Strikes Controversial Energy Deal With Alberta, Rolling Back Key Climate Rules

Canada has reached a sweeping new agreement with Alberta that rolls back several federal climate regulations in an effort to boost energy investment and accelerate development of new oil infrastructure. Prime Minister Mark Carney announced the deal on Thursday, confirming that Ottawa will abandon its planned emissions cap for the oil and gas sector and drop clean electricity requirements—major pillars of the country’s climate agenda. In exchange, Alberta has agreed to strengthen industrial carbon pricing and support the massive Pathways Plus carbon capture and storage project, which is expected to become the world’s largest. The deal immediately sparked political and environmental backlash, including the resignation of former environment minister Steven Guilbeault, who warned that the country’s climate strategy was being dismantled. Carney defended the shift as an economic necessity, citing the financial shock of U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariffs, which he said will strip $50 billion from Canada’s economy. With the U.S. absorbing 90% of Canada’s oil exports, he argued the country must diversify—particularly by pursuing new access to Asian markets. Alberta is pushing for a major new crude oil pipeline to British Columbia’s northwest coast, but no private developer has stepped forward, citing legislative barriers including the federal emissions cap and tanker restrictions. Under the agreement, Ottawa will streamline approvals for a privately financed pipeline capable of transporting up to one million barrels per day of low-emission Alberta bitumen. The federal government will also seek changes to the Oil Tanker Moratorium Act to enable shipments to Asia—an idea strongly opposed by British Columbia’s premier and several Indigenous groups who vow to block tanker traffic on the northwest coast. Industry groups welcomed the federal–provincial partnership, calling it a long-overdue move to unlock investment and expand market access. Environmental advocates, meanwhile, warned the rollback undermines national climate standards and sets back Canada’s emissions-reduction progress. Beyond oil, the deal includes federal support for nuclear power development in Alberta, new transmission infrastructure, grid upgrades to power AI data centers, and a national electricity strategy aimed at doubling Canada’s clean-energy capacity. Ottawa and Alberta plan to finalize a new industrial carbon pricing agreement by April 1 next year, signalling further negotiations ahead as Canada recalibrates its climate and energy priorities.